Multiple copies of the same base sequence on a chromosome;
used as markers in physical mapping.
See also: physical map (ORNL)
Targeted mutagenesis
Deliberate change in the genetic structure directed at a specific
site on the chromosome. Used in research to determine the
targeted region's function.
See also: mutation, polymorphism
(ORNL)
Technology transfer
The process of transferring scientific findings from research
laboratories to the commercial sector. (ORNL)
Telomerase
The enzyme that directs the replication of telomeres. (ORNL)
Telomere
The end of a chromosome. This specialized structure is involved
in the replication and stability of linear DNA molecules.
See also: DNA replication
(ORNL)
Teratogenic
Substances such as chemicals or radiation that cause abnormal
development of a embryo.
See also: mutagen (ORNL)
Thymine (T)
A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair AT (adenine-thymine).
See also: base pair, nucleotide
(ORNL)
Toxicogenomics
The study of how genomes respond to environmental stressors
or toxicants. Combines genome-wide mRNA expression profiling
with protein expression patterns using bioinformatics to understand
the role of gene-environment interactions in disease and dysfunction.
(ORNL)
A class of RNA having structures with triplet nucleotide sequences
that are complementary to the triplet nucleotide coding sequences
of mRNA. The role of tRNAs in protein synthesis is to bond with
amino acids and transfer them to the ribosomes, where proteins
are assembled according to the genetic code carried by mRNA.
(ORNL)
Transformation
A process by which the genetic material carried by an individual
cell is altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into its genome.
(ORNL)
An experimentally produced organism in which DNA has been
artificially introduced and incorporated into the organism's
germ line.
See also: cell, DNA,
gene, nucleus,
germ line (ORNL)
Translation
The process in which the genetic code carried by mRNA directs
the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.
See also: transcription (ORNL)
Translocation
A mutation in which a large segment of one chromosome breaks
off and attaches to another chromosome.
See also: mutation (ORNL)
Transposable element
A class of DNA sequences that can move from one chromosomal
site to another. (ORNL)
Trisomy
Possessing three copies of a particular chromosome instead of
the normal two copies.
See also: cell, gene,
gene expression, chromosome
(ORNL)
